In the early postwar period, while United States and Spain maintained chilly political relations, they forged economic and military links in the face of the realities of the Cold War. Francisco Franco’s Spain used and reinforced its anticommunist ideology to advance its foreign relations with the United States and obtain economic aid. Amidst the changing international situation, the question of Basque immigration to the United States drew the attention of Franco’s regime. By then, the sheep industry of the American West demanded Basque immigrant labor. This lecture explores how the Francoist regime manipulated Basque immigration issue for its own political and economic advantage in the early Cold War era.